The 15th Five-Year Plan: AI's Role in China’s Strategic Science Policy

The People’s Republic of China has unveiled its 15th Five-Year Plan (FYP), setting the stage for economic, educational, social, and industrial priorities through to 2030. Among these ambitious goals is a significant emphasis on artificial intelligence (AI) as part of an overarching strategic science policy.

Strategic Focus on AI

The document identifies AI alongside quantum computing, biotechnology, and energy as key areas for development. It calls for the advancement in high-performance AI chips and their supporting software to be a priority. Additionally, there is a strong push towards academic and industrial research into new model architectures and core algorithms that underpin these technologies.

China’s commitment extends beyond just hardware; it also includes investments in communications technology such as satellite systems, 5G+, and the emerging 6G networks to support AI workloads. These infrastructural improvements are part of a broader effort to enhance data transmission capabilities across China, ensuring robust communication channels for both general use and advanced computing needs.

According to the FYP, digital infrastructure is crucial in supporting these advancements. The plan divides its focus on AI into three key components: computing power, model architectures, and data organization and dissemination throughout the country. National computing hubs are described as "intelligent computing clusters," designed not only for large enterprises but also accessible by a wide range of users through market mechanisms like resource leasing.

Accessibility and Inclusivity

The government aims to reduce barriers faced by smaller firms in accessing cutting-edge technology. By establishing these intelligent computing clusters, the plan seeks to democratize access to advanced AI capabilities while ensuring that all sectors can benefit from this technological revolution. The procurement of computational services will also be streamlined through new market mechanisms.

Furthermore, theoretical work behind model training and inference is encouraged both in research institutions and manufacturing processes. This comprehensive approach ensures a balanced development strategy where innovation thrives alongside practical applications to drive economic growth and societal progress.